“NO PROVISION WAS MADE TO SUPPLY THE SPECIAL SETTLERS WITH CLOTHES AND SHOES, AND WERE LIKE DESTITUTE REJECTS, THOUGH MANY OF THEM WORE ORDERS AND MEDALS”

Thusly, - with some perplexity and a grain of sympathy - in October 1944 the deputy head of Department on special settlements NKVD of USSR, Maltsev, described the condition of the special settlers in Kostroma oblast in his letter to the deputy of the People's Committee of Internal Affairs, Chernishev¹.

It would be unfair to suspect colonel of NKVD, Maltsev, of having a particular sensitivity and emotion. But, maybe, the life of the special settlers was really like Dante’s Hell, it made an impression on a big chief of the NKVD. There is a lot of evidence about the disastrous position of the people, who received a strange nickname, “special settlers”, - in common speech as well as in writing. Not only individual citizens of the USSR, who appeared to be not loyal to the regime, but also entire peoples, were recognized as “unreliable”, being insufficiently Soviet, were turned into special settlers during the period of WW II. Among them - Crimean Tatars.

All the Crimean Tatars, including the heads of the autonomous region and the ordinary citizens were moved by echelons in May 1944 from Crimea to distant regions of the Central Asia and Siberia. From then on all of them - a head of the autonomous region and the head of the government of republic, the leaders of the partisan movement, women, old men and children - were declared to be enemies of Soviet power, traitors of Motherland, betrayers, all of them became a faceless mass of special settlers. In the documents of the Department on special settlements of the NKVD they were named “as contingent from Crimea” (together with Greeks, Armenians, Bulgarians, who were deported in June of 1944), “special contingent”, but nevertheless remained - “Crimean Tatars” (or - “Tatars from Crimea”). A feature of the documents of the DSS (Department on Special Settlements) - organization, which was to “supervise and punish” special settlers, - is the dryness, abundance of statistical information and lack of sentiments. Nevertheless, sometimes in the documents some intonations filtered through that remind us remotely of sympathy, which was rather quickly changed by the impassive stamps of the professional executioners - “contingents”, “hostile elements” and so on.²

The reason for establishment of the independent Department on special settlements within the composition of the NKVD of the USSR (order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of USSR # 00332 from 24 March 1944), was because there came to be during WW II new large groups of special settlers³.

On September 5, 1944, 2,225,000 special settlers were under the jurisdiction of the Department of Special Settlements, who were settled on territories of 6 Union and 7 autonomous republics; 5 regions and 23 oblasts.⁴

Among the functions of the Department on Special Settlements of the NKVD of the USSR there were: “assistance to labour and economical-social settlement of special settlers, operative Chekist service of special settlers; registration of special settlers and administrative control over them in places of settlement.”⁵.

The legal position of special settlers was formulated in Resolution of the Soviet of People’s Commissars of the USSR #35 dated 8 January 1945, in which were fixed restrictions⁶, which were provided for this category of citizens. All of special settlers were on the books and were obliged to register in special commandant’ offices (administrative bodies of government in places of special settlements)⁷. The absence without leave outside of the district of settlement, which was under the jurisdiction of a special commission, was considered as escape and involved a criminal responsibility. Special settlers were obliged within 3 days to inform commandant’s offices on all changes, which occurred in the composition of their family (birth of child, death of member of family, escape and so on.). A violation of the regime and public order in the places of settlement incurred an administrative penalty in the form of a fine of up to 100 rubles, or arrest for up to 5 days⁸. Soon, in connection with the adoption of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers, dated 21 November 1947, and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, dated 26 November 1948, a regime of exile was reinforced. Moving to another, even neighboring region was allowed only by having of a “call” from close relatives. The unsanctioned departure outside of the places of settlement, at the first time, was punished by five-day arrest, and repeated violation was considered as “escape from place of exile” and punished by 20 years of imprisonment.

A concept of the founders of the state of “general equality and brotherhood” in reality was embodied in the establishment of state-camps. The state was divided, according to the definition of French political scientist, Filip Beneton, into “zones”: into a “big zone” <....> in which the nationals were doomed to play the role of free people”; and in “small zone” - where they were simply turned into slaves, here reigned a classical slavery tyranny.

Under this classification, the special settlers could be designated as representatives of the “small zone”, despite their formally retaining their civil rights. These rights would be viewed today precisely as a mockery over common sense and not called any thing else.

***

The documents, which were included in the present publication dedicated to first year of life of the Crimean Tatars in the place of deportation encompass the period from July 1944 until December 1945. They were kept in fund #9479 of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF) in Moscow. The documents of the fund were given for safe keeping in 1960’s, but the most part of them up to now were not declassified. Nevertheless, the value of the available materials is undoubted, though research work on them is required to lay the groundwork for their proper analysis. Thus, an official number of Crimean Tatars, who died during deportation to Uzbekistan, raises significant doubts – 191 persons.

However, what could be the real numerical calculation, no statistics could measure a level of loss of near relations, as well as it is impossible “to check with algebra” a shake, which was suffered by people during several weeks of moving to places of deportation.

It is understandable, that in itself the personal feelings of people, their fears and despairs, fall outside of the documentation by the organs of supervision. We have yet to be given permission to obtain the official documents, which described the procedures, which were established for the escorts during of the movement of echelons of exiles. At the same time, each Crimean Tatar keeps and tells his children and grandchildren about the awful details not only pertaining to the action of deportation itself, but also to the inhuman treatment by the armed escorts of the people during their movement to places of exile. One typical evidence is the recollection of eleven-year-old girl, Alima: “When we were expelled from our home, mother had time only to dress the children and take something of clothes. On the journey we were very hungry. On one of the days, the escorts brought for dinner a dry herring. The adults didn’t suspect anything bad, and gave it to the children. Latter, we were thirsty. When the adults requested to obtain water at the stops, the escorts refused. Prior to this the request were granted. The thirst worried all of us - younger children became to cry. At the next station, someone of the adults lifted me with his hands, and I looked out the lattice window of the boxcar, in which we were conveyed.

I couldn’t know, where our echelon stopped, but remember a small tumbledown station building. On its platform there were some women. I didn’t know Russian, and so I cried in Crimean Tatar: “Su, su!” (Water, water-author.) The women, puzzled, exchanged glances. Someone of the adults in the wagon suggested to me: “Say I am thirsty”. I repeated: “I am thirsty!” One of the women entered into a building and came back out with a teapot. When she came to the wagon, we fell to the door, expecting that the escorts would open it. However, the escorts said something her in Russian and we heard in deathly silence a sound of water, which was poured out onto the ground. And only late at night, when we already were in a half-unconscious position, one of the escorts, apparently taking pity on the children, allowed the adults to take water at a stop.” People, who suffered deportation, note that the first years of their exile were the most tragic by their consequences - namely, in that period they lost a majority of their close relatives.

The decision of the State Defense Committee on deportation of Crimean Tatars was adopted on May 11, 1944, and already on May 18, the deportation started. On May 13, 1944, the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan, A.Kobulov, (here was sent a basic part of Crimean Tatars - about 150,000 persons) quickly informed the leaders of Uzbekistan oblasts about the decision of the SDC and ordered immediately the establishment of special commandant’s offices.

Already, in the end of May - beginning June the first echelons with Crimean Tatars began arriving. Being in conditions of non-habitual climate, without elementary life conditions the people were put on the verge of life and death.

Arriving in Uzbekistan Crimean Tatars practically at once faced an epidemic of malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses. In the people’s memory malaria remained a symbol as one of the significant events, which were associated with the death of their close relatives, their vagabond status and life’s harsh condition. Aydin Shemi-zade (Shem) in his book, which was recently published, wrote: “The main sickness killing peoples was malaria! Let’s describe a bout of malaria <....>. At the beginning one feels some loss of appetite, a cold sweat <....>. Each muscle is shivering, one constantly needs to relieve oneself - it is particularly unpleasant. <....> Usually, a person in malaria shivering is covered by a warm blanket, but it doesn’t help, and shivering is not stopped. At last, in 20-30 minutes, the first phase is finished, and for 3-5 minutes the amplitude of shivering is gradually reduced, and body is covered by pleasant warmth. Temperature rises up to 40 degrees and even above <....>. Peoples become emaciated because of frequent fever, and such person is bedridden. Many of our Crimeans died because of malaria”.⁹

As is show in the wide correspondence between the leadership of the NKVD of the USSR and the NKVD of Uzbekistan, an epidemic of malaria among Crimean Tatar special settlers disturbed the authorities (doc.#1-4). It was understandable - since the cheap labour force was to augment the national economy of Uzbekistan. In two months, in September of 1944, a situation of special settlers was somewhat improved, and the malaria “season” for that period was finished. It is impossible to calculate how much Crimean Tatars died in those first months - according to official information (perhaps, they are not correct) in Uzbekistan died 22,335 Crimean Tatars - 15% of the arrived persons (see doc. #7).

The situation in the economical-labour settlement of special settlers was reflected in references; reports of heads of local departments on special settlements, which were regularly submitted to the organs of power in Moscow. The materials contained information on the movement and account of special settlers, their housing conditions, and provision of food-stuffs and manufactured goods, administrative supervision and so on. One of such documents was included in the present publication; it contains information of the Department on special settlements of the NKVD of the USSR covering various aspects of the life of the special settlers in the first post-deportation year (see doc. #7). However, one shouldn’t exaggerate the degree of “care”, that appears in numerous reports. The measures on improvement of working conditions and life of special settlers, of course, were taken. Nevertheless, the situation of the Crimean Tatar special settlers remained very difficult even after one a half years (see doc. #9).

Before the establishment of the Department on special settlements of the NKVD of the USSR and Departments on special settlements in the NKVD/UNKVD (operative-chekist service) of special settlers was made by the organs of UNKVD and partially by settlement and regional special commandant’s offices of the NKVD. After establishment of the independent Department on Special Settlements the net of secret agents and informants was significantly increased, and it increased the conjuring up anti-Soviet and criminal elements.¹⁰

An important place in the activity of the Department on Special Settlements of the NKVD was supervision over the moods of special settlers. As the American historian, Peter Kholvist, convincing proves, an accumulation of information about the moods of the population was not a unique to the Bolshevik regime, since the new phase in the interrelation between power and ordinary citizens came about, in his opinion, with the coming of the new political epoch – the period of appearance of “states of national security” after WW I. But if in normal circumstances the measures to supervise public opinion were directed toward control and subsequent manipulation of these moods, then in the case of the citizens of the “small zone”, who were really limited in their rights (in this case, with special settlers), one can say that such supervision was expressed with especially repressive directives. In other words, clamping down on dissenting special settler was more rapid, that repression of citizens of the “big zone”. One can imagine under special information of NKVD on the eve of elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR how the Crimean Tatar special settlers valued their legal status (see doc. #8).

Preparation of these documents for publication was made in accordance with accepted standards for archeographical rules: style of text was kept, grammatical mistakes and slips of the pen were corrected without any reservations, separate explanations and remarks on texts of documents, and also reading resolutions and marks were placed in footnotes. Insignificant reductions of the text of documents were noted <....>. Documents are published in the original language.

Unofficial translation

#1

[STAMP “Brought under control”]

TOP SECRET
On July 17, 1944, #72604
Deputy of People’s Commissar
Internal Affairs of USSR
Commissar of KGB 2nd rank
comrade Chernishov
Moscow

Special information

“On cases of sickness among special settlers of Crimean Tatars in Uzbekistan

Recently, among special settlers-Crimean Tatars in UzSSR a number of cases of sicknesses by malaria and gastro-intestinal was significantly increased.¹¹

In separate regions of the republic, the sicknesses among special contingent by its extent and intensification has taken the form of an epidemic.

In Namangan oblast, where were settled 13,907 persons, up to 40% of the special settlers are sick (basically by malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses).

In Pakhtakor region of Samarkand oblast, where were settled 1309 special settlers, a mass sicknesses by malaria is observed.

In Sovkhoz Narpay of Kermeninskyi region of Bukhara oblast of the 4095 special settlers 94 persons died during June of this year basically because of malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses, of them 33 children.

In Sovkhoz Bayat #1 and #2 of Khovastkyi region of Tashkent oblast, where were settled 3918 persons from the moment they arrived up to now fell sick by gastro-intestinal sicknesses 132 persons, by malaria 15 persons by form #4 - 8 persons, of them for this time: because of f.#4-2 persons, because of gastro-intestinal sicknesses-36 persons.

14 cases of death among special settlers because of gastro-intestinal sicknesses were registered at the mine “Tashkent Stalinugol” of Akhangaranskyi region of Tashkent oblast.

The reasons for the spread of sicknesses of malaria among special settlers - is a lack of prophylactic measures - neutralization of malaria vector and khinoprophylactic of population because of lack of atropine and quinine.

The acute-gastro-intestinal sicknesses occurred mainly because of using of un-boiled water, un-washed vegetables and anti-sanitary conditions of accommodations. The preventive measures are not taken because of a lack of disinfectant.

For the struggle against the epidemical sicknesses among special contingent, in addition to the regular medical-sanitary service a medical staff of oblast and regional department of public health was mobilized. The People’s Committee on Public Health sent medical groups to the places of settlement. According to the reference of the People’s Committee on Public Health of UzSSR, even the allocation of the reduced plan of the People’s Committee on Public Health of USSR on 1941 UzSSR was reduced by 4088 kg of anti-malaria medical preparations (atropine in pills).

For taking necessary prophylactic measures on prevention of malaria and acute gastro-intestinal sicknesses, including a treatment of already having sick persons among special contingent the following supplies are necessary:

• Akrihin 620 kg based on the estimate of 2 gr. per person monthly for 155 persons, during the 2 months of the malaria season (August, September).

• Quinine - 700 kg based on the estimate of 40 gr., per person for conducting three courses of anti- recurrence treatment totally for 15500 persons that is 10% of total number of special settlers.

• Anti-cholic pill - for prophylactic goals - 139,500 pills based on the estimate of 1 pill for 10 days per person. Totally for a season of sicknesses that is for August, September and October.

• Anti-cholic pills for medical goals - 139,500 tablets based on the estimate of 3 tablets daily per person, totally on 15,500 persons that is on 10% of total number of special settlers.

Taking into account that in recent times in the UzSSR take place serious outbreaks of malaria and acute gastro-intestinal sicknesses among special settlers-Crimean Tatars, and the People's Committee on Public Health of UzSSR has not the required quantity of needed medicines not only for prophylactic, but also for treatment of sick persons.

I ask You to take measures through the People’s Committee on Public Health of the USSR for immediate shipment of the indicated number of medicines for the People’s Committee on Public Health of the UzSSR.

DEPUTY PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF INTERNAL
AFFAIRS OF the UzSSR
LIETENANT-COLONEL OF STATE SECURITY........MEER

(SARF, f.9479, i.1s, c.160, l. 23-23 ob.)

#2

SECRET
comrade BERIA L.P.

According to information of the NKVD of the UzSSR in recent times the number of cases of malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses among special settlers-Crimean Tatars has increased.

In separate regions of the UzSSR these sicknesses among special settlers have taken on the conditions of an epidemic.<...>

For struggle with malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses the People’s Committee on Public Health of UzSSR sent a brigade of medical workers to the places of settlement of special settlers.

The struggle with malaria and gastro-intestinal sicknesses among special settlers is troublesome because of a lack of necessary number of medicines - atropine, quinine and anti-cholic on hand with the People’s Committee on Public Health of UzSSR.

By our request the People’s Committee on Public Health of USSR sends to the People’s Committee on Public Health of UzSSR 200,000 pills of anti-cholic and 100 kg of atropine.

CHERNISHOV

(SARF, f.9479, i.1s, c.160, l.19).

#3

DELIVER IMMEDIATELY

TOP SECRET

[STAMP “Took on control”]

FROM TASHKENT

TELEGRAM¹²

MOSCOW NKVD USSR COMRADE BERIA
PER. 8/8-44 23 30

INFORM, THAT IN UzSSR AMONG SPECIAL SETTLERS-CRIMEAN TATARS WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED A NUMBER OF MALARIA AND ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SICKNESSES. IN NAMANGAN OBLAST 5300 PERSONS ARE SICK BY MALARIA THAT CONSTITUTES 40 PER CENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIAL SETTLERS. IN ANDIZHAN OBLAST 1015 PERSONS ARE SICK BY MALARIA AND 813 PERSONS BY ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SICKNESSES. IN KASHKADARYINSKYI OBLAST OF 9984 PERSONS, 4324 PERSONS ARE SICK BY MALARIA OF THEM DIED 79 PERSONS. IN SOVKHOZ “NARPAY” OF BUKHARA OBLAST OF 4047 SPECIAL SETTLERS ARE SICK BY MALARIA 629 PERSONS, OF THEM DIED BECAUSE OF MALARIA AND ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SICKNESSES 126 PERSONS. THE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH OF UzSSR HAS NO AKRIHIN, KHININ, BAKTERIOFAG, WHICH ARE NECESSARY FOR MEDICAL-PROPHYLACTIC MEASURES. LOCAL PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH RAISED THIS QUESTION BEFORE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH OF USSR, BUT DIDN’T RECEIVE AN ANSWER. I GIVE A REPORT ON YOUR DIRECTION.

NP72778 KOBULOV

(SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.160, l.22).

#4

TELEGRAM ON “HF”¹³

TO: TASHLENT NKVD COM. KOBULOV

I BRING TO YOUR NOTICE THAT PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC HEALTH USSR FOR TAKING PROPHYLACTIC AND MEDICAL MEASURES FOR STRUGGLE WITH MALARIA AND ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL SICKNESSES AMONG SPECIAL SETTLERS, IN AUGUST OF THIS YEAR I SENT FROM MOSCOW FOR PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE OF UzSSR 200,000 PILLS OF DYSENTERY BAKTERIOFAG AND 48 kg ATROPRIN (EQUAL BY EQUIVALENT TO 96 kg QUININE).

NP1/18479

26 SEPTEMBER................CHERNISHOV
                                                                                               (SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.160, l.24).

#5

PEOPLE’S OIL COMMITTEE USSR
2 September 1944
to com. SEDIN I.K.

Special settlers from Crimea, who were sent for resettlement in Stroitrest of People’s Oil Committee (Leninskyi r-n of Andizhan oblast), are in difficult housing conditions.

So, for example: on building lots #1, 2, 3 and 4 special settlers were placed in accommodations, which are unfit for life and which have no roofs and windows.

I ask to warn the management of Stroitrest, if normal housing conditions for special settlers will not be established within a month, that they will be sent to other organizations.

The copy of Your direction on this I ask to submit to NKVD USSR.

Deputy People’s Commissar on Internal Affairs of USSR........CHERNISHOV
                           (SARF, f. 9479, i. 1, c. 208, l. 19).

#6
SECRET

TO DEPUTY PEOPLE’S COMMISSAR
INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF USSR
COMMISSAR OF STATE SECURITY 2-ND RANK
com. CHERNISHOV V.V.

According to Your direction I checked on the treatment of the special settlers, who were settled in Kostroma oblast.

In the territory of the mentioned oblast were settled - 7570 persons, including Crimean Tatar families -6387, Chechenians, Karachays, Ingushes - 1183, of them demobilized persons - 955.

Tatars were settled in regions:

• Makaryevskyi - 2628
• Kologrivskyi - 1893
• Manturovskyi – 776¹⁴
• Neyskyi - 315
• Parfenovskyi - 275
• Palkinskyi - 210
• Sudayskyi - 130
• Chukhlomskyi - 120

Chechenians, Ingushes and Karachays were settled in:
Galichskyi - 660 persons.
Buyskyi - 523

All of the able-bodied special settlers in number of 3772 persons are used in enterprises in the timber industry of the People’s Timber Committee¹⁵, and the People’s Committee on Paper Industry¹⁶.

<....>Extremely unsatisfactory conditions of keeping of special settlers were established in the timber industry enterprises of the People’s Committee on Paper Industry in Kologrivskyi and Manturovskyi districts, in timber industry enterprises of Buyskyi and Galichskyi of the People's Timber Committee.

In Kologrivksyi region the preparation for winter goes slowly. Because of a lack of window-panes the window frames are not repaired. The special settlers are not provided with clothes and shoes. Special settlers work in the forest without shoes.

There are interruptions for 2-3 days in bread provisions. From 16 to 20 August no deliveries of bread were made in Fofanovskyi timber lot of the Pongovskyi timber industry enterprise. The families of special settlers are provided with bread irregularly, food has a bad quality, and bread is given at a rate of 150 gr., for a person.

Salary has not been paid since June of this year. The medical service is unsatisfactory.

<....>In Buyskyi region because of unsatisfactory material-social conditions in July, August and September 91 special settlers escaped and of them 62 were arrested.

Special settlers, who were demobilized from the army, arrived in the place of settlement with summer army uniform, which was fully in good order. They were working in the forest having no special clothes, their clothes and shoes were tattered. On some stakhanovets the clothes were so rotted that it was impossible to repair them. For the entire period from the moment of settlement they received only one pair of linen.

<....> It is necessary to note also a lack of bed-linen: blankets, pillows and sheets for the special settlers. The lack of blankets leads that the special settlers use for this purpose their already shabby enough greatcoats that results to anti-sanitary conditions and cause them to be lice-ridden.

Special settlers were to be provided under norms of skilled workers. However for the entire period these norms were not kept, they were reduced and food was not nourishing. It is enough to say that in July there was a period when they were fed only with nettle soup with a small dash of oatmeal.

The cost of such soup was 6 kopecks. Only during the first part of September were they given 674 kg of meat, 160 kg groats and 6 kg milk products.

The People’s Timber Committee well knew about thee extremely disastrous material-social conditions of the special settlers in Romantsevskyi timber lot of the Buyskyi timber industry enterprise.<...>

Almost the same situation exists in the Galichskyi timber industry enterprise. In the Kostroma timber lot the special settlers were placed in barracks with three tiered plank-beds. The barrack is rated at 150 persons, but actually 380 live there. Because of a lack of mattresses the special settlers sleep on bare boards. In accommodations there is mud, bedbugs, and unbelievable overcrowding. The feeding is bad. The special settlers have no clothes and shoes, and look like ragged fellows, though many of them have orders and medals.

Since the moment of settlement they have not received a salary.

It is necessary <....> a radical improvement of feeding and medical service of all groups of special settlers, who were settled within Kostroma oblast. Otherwise, at the very least it will be necessary to send all demobilized from army special settlers to their families, and transfer Crimean groups to the nearest kolkhozes and sovkhozes.

DEPUTY HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ON SPECAIL
SETTLEMENTS OF NKVD USSR

Colonel of State Security.............MALTSEV
10 October 1944.

(SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.157, l.51-55).

#7

TOP SECRET
DEPUTY PEOPLE COMMISSAR OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS USSR
GENERAL-COLONEL COM. CHERNISHOV

REPORT
ON ECONOMIC-LABOUR SETTLEMENT
SPECIAL SETTLERS FROM CRIMEA, WHO WERE SETTLED IN UzSSR
FOR PERIOD FROM 1.07.1944 TILL 1.07.1945.

I. NUMBER AND RESETTLEMENT OF SPECIAL SETTLERS FROM CRIMEA, WHO WERE SETTLED IN UzSSR

Arrival of special settlers from Crimea for special settlement in the UzSSR began from 29th May of 1944 and was ended on June 8, 1944.

Special settlers, who were settled in Uzbekistan, for economic and labour resettlement, were transferred. The following enterprises were designated for their employment.

In composition of special settlers living in UzSSR under situation on 1st July 1945, there are:
Men - 20928- individuals
Women - 45633 individuals
Children up to 16 years old - 62066.

For the period from 1.07.44 to 1.07.45 there were the following changes in number and movement of special settlers.

ARRIVED:
a) Resettled from other republics,
regions and oblasts-2880 per.
b) Returned from prisons-134 per.
c) Returned from escapes-245 per.
d) Were born-1390 per.
e) For account of children of special,
who reached 16 year-old - 2285 per.

TOTALLY:.....16934

Dropped from the rolls:
a) Resettled in other republics,
regions and oblasts - 10971
b) In prisons - 216
c) Escaped - 1314
*d) Died - 22355 15% ¹⁷
e) Became free, deleted from the register - 48
f) Children of special settlers,
g) Unclaimed or neglected children of special
settlers, who were transferred to orphanages. - 1781
h) Invalids and aged special settlers, who were transferred to invalid's homes - 648

TOTALLY LEFT: - 39618

A number of able-bodied special settlers in settlements:

Of total number of special settlers worked:

Of total number of able-bodies persons, who didn't work:

Number of disabled special settlers consists of sick and persons, who were released from work because of a care of young children.

Of a number of families of special settlers, who were settled in kolkhozes, and became members of agricultural artels.

List of special settlers according to profession on July 1, 1945 were registered:
a) Special settlers (having special secondary and higher education) - 1222 persons.

Of them worked by specialty - 987

Of 1222 persons-specialists there are:
1. Members of staff of scientific body - 17
2. Doctors - 101
3. Teachers - 393
4. Engineers - 17
5. Planners - 40
6. Agronomists - 115
7. Agricultural technicians - 8
8. Lawyers - 1
9. Technicians - 48
10. Vets - 6
11. Mechanics - 57
12. Nurses - 10
13. Accountants - 14
14. Different specialties - 395

b) Skilled workers - 2241
Of them work by specialty - 1657

Of number 2241 persons skilled workers there are:
1. Tractor drivers - 247
2. Combine operators - 69
3. Drivers - 180
4. Turners - 32
5. Metal workers - 147
6. Joiners - 47
7. Different specialties - 1519

The reason for using specialists and skilled workers not in their specialty is that these special settlers have specialties connected with work on railway transport and in the People’s Communication Committee, which under directive of NKVD USSR # 1/1447 from 4.8-44 it is prohibited to use them.

The skilled workers and specialists, who are not working in their specialty, were given other jobs.

In most of cases, the special settlers - Crimean Tatars have positive attitude to work. So, for example:
At Textile Manufactured Complex and building lot in Fergana, Silk-winding manufactured complex in Margelan, Ozakerit in settlement Schors and other work objects of Fergana oblast 50-60% special settlers, who work at these enterprises are stakhanovets and over-fulfill norms of working from 200 to 300%.

An analogous attitude to work is observed in Samarkand, Namangan and other oblasts.

In labour and economic-social settlement of special settlers there are a number of defects in separate enterprises and sovkhozes: delay of salary, decreases in their actually accomplished work-days and so on.

For the recent period it was noted:
In sovkhozes of the system of the People’s Committee of Sovkhozes #3, 8 and 9 of Samarkand oblast, where for the entire 2nd quarter of 1945 a systematic delay of salary took place.

Because of a lack of funds in the sovkhoz no salary was given for April, May and June to special settlers in the cotton-sovkhoz “Narpay” of Kermeninskyi district of Bykhara oblast.

In kolkhoz named for Stalin of Sivasskyi rural council of Kitabskyi district of Kashkadarinskyi oblast the facts of decrease of accounting of made work-days by special settlers from Crimea were made known.

The mentioned defects, when they were made known to the Department of NKVD – were resolved.

At beet - collecting points and sugar factories of Samarkand oblast the workers receive monthly not more than 125 rubles. There were incidents in which the management of Krasnogvardeyskyi factory discharged special settlers, who fell sick. This situation resulted to increase the number of emaciated persons and cases of death.

They took the appropriate measures about this question.

II. HOUSING CONDITIONS

Housing conditions of special settlers from Crimea are characterized by the following.

One should to note that living conditions of special settlers during the II quarter of 1945 in comparison with IV quarter of 1944 and I quarter of 1945 were significantly improved, that one can see from the table, which was given above. The reduction of a number of special settlers living in unfit accommodation took place from 25372 persons in IV q. 1944 to 9131 persons in II q. 1945.

However, in separate kolkhozes and enterprises of Andizhan, Samarkand and Tashkent oblasts the living conditions of special settlers are up to now in an unsatisfactory situation. So, for example:
In Andizhan oblast 245 families live in accommodations, which require major repairs.
In Tashkent oblast in unfit accommodations live 1144 families (3262 persons), of them, 742 families-2471 persons lived in Farkhadstroy in adobe cottages completely unfit for living.

These special settlers - 742 families - 2471 persons - in July 1945 were removed from Farkhadstroy to Tajikistan SSR, where better living conditions were established for them.

The bad situation is in providing of accommodation for special settlers, who were settled at the mine Lyangostroy of Khatirchinskyi region of Samarkand oblast, where special settlers settled in adobe cottages, which are unfit for living. The management of Lyangastroy has prospects to receive in the next 2 months of 1945 wood for building housing.¹⁸

*) The difficult situation on accommodation is noted for the special settlers, who were settled at sugar factories of Samarkand oblast - 40 families in Zira-Bulakskyi and 103 families at Krasnogvardeyskyi sugar factories live in accommodations quite unfit for living.¹⁹

**) In sovkhoz “Narpay” of Bukharskyi oblast special settlers were settled in accommodations unfit for living. Despite the special direction of the People’s Committee of Cereals and cattle-breeding sovkhozes of the USSR of com. Lobanov from 27.06.45 #448/c the management of the sovkhoz didn’t take any measures for improvement of living conditions of special settlers.²⁰

For individual housing building of special settlers from Crimea, the Agricultural Bank of the USSR opened a credit in sum of 57,000 rubles in 1944 and 1st half-year of 1945.

According to situation on 1st July of 1945 using of credit in oblasts of Uzbekistan was accomplished in the following manner (in thousands rubles).

Non-using of credit in 1944 in sum of 17 mln., 341 thousands rubles, which was allocated for individual housing construction and economic service of special settlers from Crimea, is explained basically by delay of making and giving instructive directions by the Agricultural Bank of the USSR to its peripheral branches on procedure and provisions of crediting of special settlers, and a lack of ready money and a number of other reasons connected with organizational defects in work of branches of agricultural banks in local places.

The credit in sum of 17 mln., 341,000, which was not used, in the end of 1944 was not carried over but was closed by the Agricultural Bank of the USSR.

In the first half-year of 1945 a limit of crediting on mentioned measures was allowed in sum of 22 mln. rubles and on 1 July of 1945 but the sum of 27 mln. 745,000 rubles was used, that is it exceeded the budget by 5 mln., 745,000 rubles.

The construction materials: 40000 m3 of wood, 1500 m2 of window-pane, 34 tons of nails and 300 tons of cast iron, which were allotted by direction of the State Defense Committee #6600ss from 25.09.44., for housing building, were not received up to now.

The construction materials for the III q. of 1945: 8000 m2 window-pane, 16 tons of nails and 80 tons of cast iron, which were provided by direction of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR #10244-RS from 05.07.1945, were also not received.

III. PROVIDING FOR PERSONAL PLOTS AND INDIVIDUAL
KITCHEN-GARDENS

All special settlers were provided with seeds for their personal plots and individual kitchen-gardens, some from grants of seeds on the account of allocation, which was provided by resolution of People's Commissars Committee of the USSR, and some from allocations accounted from allotments of the kolkhozes, sovkhozes and enterprises.

Apart from the personal plots and individual kitchen-gardens in many sovkhozes for special settlers cereals were sown. For example:

In cotton sovkhoz #8 of Izbaskentskyi region of Andizhan oblast, in addition to individual kitchen-gardens for special settlers were sown 48 hectares of wheat and other cereals. As a result, each family of special settlers which was settled in this sovkhoz, by average harvest receive 225 kg., of food grain.

In many kolkhozes of the republic special settlers were allotted permanent use of the plots with fruit trees and vineyards. For example, in kolkhoz named for Lenin of Kitabskyi district of Kashka-Daryinskyi oblast 25 hectares of vineyards were given to each family of special settlers for individual use. In kolkhoz named for Akhun-Babayev of Fergana oblast each family of special settlers was given plots of fruit gardens.

However, alongside of this there were cases, in which individual heads of kolkhozes didn't concern themselves with questions of providing for special settlers personal and land plots.

In the beet sovkhoz “Zerovshan” of Samarkand oblast the management of the sovkhoz allotted plots, which were sown with wheat, in total the number of 30 hectares knowing that the harvest from this plot would be inferior, and deleted this area from the by an act of the State Commission, but the head of the Sugar Beet Trust, com.Fedorenko, who arrived from Tashkent, ordered to take away these plots and gave them for workers, stating that “the special settlers – are guilty, and one shouldn’t establish the conditions for them”.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of UzSSR was informed about the incorrect behavior of com.Fedorenko by document No.5/4607 from 30.6-1945.

IV. FOOD PROVIDING

Providing food for special settlers in the IV quarter of 1944, in 1st and the beginning of 2nd quarter of 1945 was in an unsatisfactory situation. Provision of food seed by way of compensation for the cattle and agricultural production, that they had been forced to leave in Crimea, was made irregularly and with big delays.

The payment in kind in 1944 for accomplished work-days in kolkhozes was not given to the overwhelming majority of the special settlers who were settled in kolkhozes, due to the bad harvest in the republic.

Provision of food for special settlers, who worked at manufacturing enterprises and sovkhozes, was made with big interruptions. There were case of thefts and misappropriation of food-stuffs.

In sovkhoz “Narpay” of Bukhara oblast 13181 kg of seed were misappropriated.

Criminal proceedings were instituted against the guilty persons, and the seed shortage of the 2ndquarter of 1945 was restored to the special settlers.

A significant improvement in food provisions for special settlers is noted from June of 1945, when the food situation in kolkhozes, sovkhozes and enterprises began to improve on account of the agricultural production of harvest of 1945.

The food assistance (500 tones of meal, 150 tones of groats, 25 tones of sugar and 50 tones of salt) to especially needy special settlers from Crimea, which was allowed by direction of the Committee of People’s Commissars of the USSR #9054-PS from 11.06-45, provided a significant support to special settlers.

As a result of the state food assistance to especially needy special settlers, an improvement of food providing in kolkhozes, sovkhozes and enterprises in settlements of special settlers, for account of individual and collective kitchen-gardens of special settlers, - the material-social position of the special settlers now is in a satisfactory situation. The death-rate on basis of emaciation for last 2-2,5 months of 1945 was significantly reduced.

The nutrition as allotted by the State on 1.07.45, is shown in table²²

From given table one can see that there is the worst situation in the allotment of vegetables and potatoes. Of the allowed 4080 tons of vegetables and 300 tons of potatoes nothing was given by Narkomtorg of UzSSR because of a lack of resources.

In August - September of 1945 the Narkomtorg planned and gave directions to local authorities to allot 1000 tons of vegetables to special settlers from Crimea. The information on actual allotment of vegetables from various individual regions was not received up to now.

According to the decree #9054-PAS of 11.06.45 of the People’s Commissars of the USSR the planning for allocation of food assistance for needy special settlers would be ended.

Totally was given: 500 tons of meal, 150 tones of groats, 50 tones of salt and 25 tones of sugar.

V. PROVIDING FOR CLOTHES, SHOES AND OTHER
MANUFACTURED GOODS

The special settlers from Crimea are provided with clothes, shoes and other manufactured goods out of the funds for the total population, equally with all members of kolkhozes, workers and employees.

Assistance for especially needy special settlers was organized by taking measures.

In Fergana oblast at a textile factory, a cotton factory in Fergana, a silk-spinning factory in Margelan, regional establishments of Kuvinskyi region and other enterprises for especially needy special settlers from Crimea as additional provisions were allocated the following: - 1218 m. of manufacture, 98 pairs of shoes, 119 of special clothes and 387 families were provided with bedding and beds.

In Bukhara oblast - for especially needy families 50 mattresses, 50 sweaters, and 100 pairs of stockings, 50 woman’s dresses, 50 man’s cotton clothes and many other manufactured goods were given.

In Samarkand oblast at Lyangostroy for special settlers 100 mattresses and blankets were allocated from stocks.

In Namangan oblast in Uch-Kurganskyi region for industrial artels were given 1100 m. of manufactured items for special settlers in sovkhoz “Narin”. In Chustskyi region the Raymestprom gave 19 padded jackets and 285 m. of manufacture for working special settlers.

The analogous material assistance was given in a number of other oblasts of the Republic.

From accounts of the State Funds special settlers were given 50,000 m. of manufactured items. Large leather pieces numbering 1258 items, which were given by direction of the State Defense Committee #6600ss from 25.10.44., were transferred to Narkommestprom of UzSSR for converting to shoes. Of 10,000 pairs of shoes, which were intended to be made from this leather, on July 1, 1945, the special settlers from Crimea received 3200 pairs, the giving of shoes is continuing.

VI. PROVIDING WITH CATTLE

The provision of cattle on July 1, 1945 is described in the next section.

VII. SEARCH AND JOINING OF FAMILES, WHICH WERE SEPARATED

From the moment of settlement of special settlers up to 01.07.1945 work on search and joining of families was accomplished according to the following table:
a) Total number of taking into account of separated families - 2444
b) Of them were joined within Uzbekistan - 1093
c) Were sent for joining to other oblasts and
republics - 748
d) A number of families, which were not joined - 603.

VIII. SITUATION ON REGISTRATION OF SPECIAL
SETTLERS FROM CRIMEA

According to order of NKVD USSR # 0170 from 16.8-44 for 1-20 January of 1945 in all Special Commandant’s offices of the NKVD a stock-taking of the special settlers from Crimea, who were settled in UzSSR was made.

In accordance with lists made from this census, in proportion to the blanks of registration forms that were received card indexes have been established at regional and oblast bodies of the NKVD of Uzbekistan.

The registration forms of special settlers from were established and are being used in Fergana, Andizhan, Namangan, Bukhara and Kashka-Daryinskyi oblasts.

In Samarkand oblast registration forms were not received from 6 districts and in Tashkent oblast from 3 districts. Because of it in these oblasts the card-indexes don’t work.

The information card-index of the Department on Special Settlements of the NKVD of the UzSSR was organized without Tashkent and Samarkand oblasts, which didn't provide registration forms.

IX. ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION

For struggle with escapes of special settlers from places of settlement were organized 317 groups of counselors, in which entered 1140 persons. The special settlers were supervised round the clock into 2645 subdivisions of ten families each.

As a result of measures taken for organizing groups of ten families mutually responsible for their members the following escapes were prevented: - totally 1152 cases, of a number of escaped persons 1376, 1050 persons were arrested.

From the moment of settlement up to 1 July of 1945 the statistical accounts registered the following:
Escaped - totally 1376 persons
Of them were arrested - totally - 1050
326 persons have escaped.

People’s commissar of Internal Affairs of UzSSR
general-major...........BABADZHANOV

Head of Department on Special Settlements of NKVD UzSSR
Lieutenant-colonel......KYRYLOV

15 September 1945
#5/6451
Tashkent

(SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.246, l.44-57).

#8

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ON SPECIAL SETTLEMENTS OF NKVD USSR
COLONEL COM. KUZNETSOV

SPECIAL INFORMATION²³
from 10 November 1945, #5/7722

“On moods of special settlers in connection with the forthcoming
elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR”.

In connection with the forthcoming elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, hostile elements of special settlers, who were settled in Uzbekistan, have tried to conduct anti-soviet agitation on a demagogic interpretation of civil rights of special settlers.

Special settler KHARAKCHI Emir Asan, who was born in 1897, and who was an active accomplice of the Germans during the period of occupation of Crimea by Germans, currently lives in Samarkand region. On the forthcoming elections he said:
“We will not be in soviets, until our grandchildren grow. These elections are not for us, for us better to keep silence. Let them elect themselves”.

Special settler MURTAZAYEV Memet, who was born 1905, and who during the period of occupation was a volunteer in the German army, currently lives in Samarkand. To his neighbors he says:
“These elections are not for us, our job is to carry and load for the measly payment of 600 gr. of bread. I am fully indifferent about these forthcoming elections in Supreme Soviet”.

Another special settler from Crimea, BAYADZHITOV Kurt-Molla, who was born in 1894, and who works in the kolkhoz named for Voroshilov of Samarkand region, conducts obvious fascist agitation among special settlers, who were settled in the mentioned kolkhoz, - stating:
“The elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR don’t concern Crimean Tatars, we will not take part in them. Nevertheless, two antagonists - capital and communism cannot co-exist peacefully. As long as communism exists, lawlessness will reign. Crimean Tatars, who have been to Germany during the war saw that they lived there very well, and now in connection with their repatriation, they were even shot in Soviet camps”.

The Department of NKVD of Samarkand oblast was given a direction to hold an inquiry and to arrest BAYADZHITOV.

On November 23, 1945, a special settler, who lives in Begovatskyi region of Tashkent oblast, DZHAVATOV Asan, organized a collective reading, and special settler ASA Bekir interrupted DZHAVATOV and angrily stated:
“Stop reading, however, we, special settlers, Crimean Tatars will not take part in them, and no one of Crimean Tatars will be elected”.

Because of weakly organized explanatory and agitation work, many of special settlers, who were settled in Tashkent oblast, think that they as special settlers are deprived of all civil rights and taking part in elections.

There were cases, when some special settlers in kolkhozes of Yangi-Yulskyi region said:
“We were deported from Crimea, because we were guilty, and being special settlers, so whether we take part in elections to Supreme Soviet of USSR or are prevented is a question?”

At building of Nizhne-Bossuyskyi GES 30.10.45 during reading the provisions on elections in a local board a special settler MUSTAFAYEV Amet asked:
“I wonder, whether Crimean Tatars will be allowed to take part in elections?”

But he didn't receive an answer, because the present persons didn't know the answer themselves, and there is no anybody, who can explain it.

Examples of positive moods were noted on the part of many special settlers, in particular by persons, who work at industrial enterprises, where agitation-explanatory work was conducted systematically.

Special settler from Crimea, BEKTIMIROV Khalil, who was born in 1895, and is a farrier of motor-repair factory in Samarkand; when he read the provisions on elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, said to workers:
“We have free elections, which are not the same as in capitalistic states. All of us workers of the factory are to prepare actively for them”.

Special settler from Crimea, KADIROV Ibraim, who was born in 1912, and who also is a worker of the mentioned factory said the same words:
“Our electoral system was established on the principle of wide democracy, and all can equally take part in them. Other states don’t have this”.

Special settler GAFUROV, who was born in 1906, and is a worker of the factory “Krasnyi dvigatel” stated:
“In the forthcoming elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR one should elect persons, who showed themselves during WW II with Hitler Germany, as worthy persons.”

The analogous positive patriotic expressions by many special settlers were noted.

The given information on moods of special settlers was provided to the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Uzbekistan, taking into account that in UzSSR were settled over 200,000 special settlers from Crimea and Georgia, and they were asked to give a direction to oblast and regional party bodies, that mass political and explanatory work would be conducted also among special settlers.

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ON SPECIAL SETTLEMENTS OF NKVD OF UzSSR
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL..........KIRILOV

(SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.245, l.38-40).

#9>

SECRET

COMMITTEE OF PEOPLE’S COMMISSARS OF UzSSR
RESOLUTION #1910-217C

On finishing of economic-social settlement of special settlers of Crimean contingent

By inspection of economic-social settlement of special settlers of Crimean contingent it was established that a resolution of the Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR and Central Committee of Communist Party of Uzbekistan from 16-24 March of 1945 #402-51c was not accomplished by oblast committees. The defects in economic-social settlement were not removed.

The Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR decrees to:
Oblige the heads of oblast committees, where the special settlers were settled, to take all measures for completing of economic-social settlement of special settlers not latter than 1st March of 1946.
Warn the heads of regional executive committees, heads of kolkhozes, directors of sovkhozes, heads of industrial, economic organizations and buildings on their personal responsibility in establishment of normal living and economic conditions for special settlers, oblige them immediately to organize:
a)brigades for repair of houses, preparation building materials and fuel;
b)giving advances and calculation according to work-days in kolkhozes and payment of work of workers in sovkhozes, enterprises and buildings;
c)providing for especially needy persons, sick and children by food out of their internal resources.

Oblige Uzkonservtrest (to c. Abidov), Uztorplodovoschtrest (to c.Ikramova) and Uzbekbrlyash²⁴ (to c.Sibirtseva) to complete the allocation of vegetables to special settlers by 15 December 1945, which was provided under resolution of the Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR from 9.10.1945 # 1637 in size of 1700 tones.

Indicate to Narkommestprom of UzSSR (c.Airumyants) and Department on traders’ cooperative under the Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR (c.Beludzhev) on unsatisfactory organization of making of shoes for special settlers, according to the resolution of the Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR dated 2 November 1944 #1333-177s. On October 1, 1945, the Narkommestroprom of UzSSR made 3486 pairs of shoes instead of 5000, to oblige them to provide for Uzbekbrlyash by January 1, 1946, the missing number of shoes of improved quality.

Oblige Narkomzdrav and regional executive committees to organize from December 1, 1945, and make by April 1, 1946, monthly inspections of the sanitary conditions of the special settlers, and in case of appearance of sick persons - to provide for them necessary assistance in home and hospitalization.

Oblige the People’s Commissar of Sovkhozes of UzSSR c.Akhmedov:
1. in every ten-day period to check the living conditions of special settlers in sovkhozes, and take strong measures for removal of all defects;
2. stop the irregular provision of bread in sovkhozes, delay of salary and abuses as regard to sick special settlers;
3. inform the Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR on results on December 20, 1945.

Oblige the People’s Commissar of Education of UzSSR (c.Muratkhodzhayev) to increase the reception and placement of children of special settlers, who were lost parents (homeless), in children’ houses and kindergartens.

Propose that the People’s Commissar of Health Care of UzSSR (c.Alchibekov) to improve the accounting of invalids among the special settlers, to provide a pension and placement in invalids’ houses.

Ask the Committee of People’s Commissars of the USSR:
1). Instruct Gosplan of USSR according to resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR dated 25 September of 1944: #6600-cc to allot UzSSR in 1946 for individual housing building of special settlers:
a) 40,000 m³ of wood
b) 48 tons of nails
c) 15,000 m² of window-pane
d) 200 tones of cast iron

2). Instruct the Agricultural Bank of the USSR to allot 120 mln., rubles in 1946 for crediting of measures for economic settlement, individual housing building and repair of houses of special settlers;

3). Allot for giving assistance to especially needed special settlers - children in winter period:
a) 170,000 m. of cotton clothes for overcoats, 170,000 m., for underclothes and 110,000 m., for bedding for children;
b) 58,000 pairs of children’ shoes;
c) for sanitary treatment of families of special settlers in winter period 35 tones of soap and 70 tones of kerosene;

4). Give feeding assistance to families of especially needed special settlers from January 1 to April of 1946, allotted for it - 500 tones of meal, 250 tones of groats, 25 tones of sugar;

5). Grant the allocation of seed products in lieu of 3000 tones of potatoes and 4080 tones of vegetables, which were allotted under resolutions of State Defense Committee from 11 May 1944 #5859 and from 25 September of 1941 #6600-cc under effective equivalent of change in connection with lack of resources of vegetables and potatoes in UzSSR.

Head of Committee of People’s Commissars of UzSSR....A.ABDURAKHMANOV

Manager of affairs of Committee of People’s Commissars....F.Tadzhiyev

Correctly:
Head of Special Sector of Committee
of People’s Commissars of UzSSR......I.Kuzmin

Tashkent, House of Government
1st December of 1945.
(SARF, f.9479, i.1, c.262, l.269-269ob.)

¹SARF, F. 9479,. i.1, c. 157, p. 56 (For details: see doc. № 6).

²Documents of Department on Special Settlements of NKVD of USSR were kept in fund №9479 “4-th special department of Ministry of Internal Affairs of USSR” and include the materials for 1930-1959, from moment of establishment of first bodies of OGPU on working settlers and special settlers and up to abolition of 4^th special department of MIA USSR. The basic part of documentation is: 1). resolutions of party-governmental bodies, guiding documentation of MIA and Ministry of State Security of USSR on work with special settlers; 2). Reports and notes of workers of central bodies and heads of departments (branches) of special settlements of MIA-Department of Ministry of Internal Affairs of republics, regions and oblasts on work and results of inspection of these bodies on special settlements; 3) copies of conclusions of bodies of MIA-MSS on special settlers; 4). correspondence of leadership of MIA-MSS USSR with periphery bodies on registration and regime of deportees and special settlers.

³Its predecessors on work with special settlers were: 1). Department on special settlers of GULAG NKVD USSR (since June of 1944 till 1940); 2). Department on corrective labour colonies and labour settlements of GULAG NKVD USSR (1940 – February of 1941), Department on labour and special settlements of GULAG NKVD USSR (February of 1941-March of 1944). Department on special settlements of NKVD MIA USSR functioned up to 21 February 1948 without changes, when the Council of Ministers of USSR obliged MIA USSR to establish a strict regime in places of settlement of special settlers by resolution #418-161ss.

⁴Including: former kulaks - 666.000 persons, Germans -589.000 men., Chechenians and Ingushes 496.000, Karachays 68.000 men., Balkarians 38.000, “deported from Crimea” - 225.000 persons., Kalmiks - 93.000, deportees from Baltic states and Moldavia - 45.000 persons., and others (family “Ounovets”, “Folk-deych”, “real-orthodox Christians” - 5000). The most number of special settlers were in Kazakhstan - 930.000 persons., in Novosibirsk oblast - 167.800 persons., in Uzbekistan - 160.000 persons., in Krasnodarskyi district - 135.300, in Kyrgyzstan - 131.000 persons., in Omsk oblast - 130.500 persons. (SARF, f.9479, op.1, c.156, l.150).

⁵SARF, f.9479, op.1, c.156, l.150-151

⁶In first item of Resolution was said: “Special settlers have all rights of Soviet citizens”.

⁷The activity of commandant’s office was regulated by “Provisions on special commandant’s offices of NKVD”, which were approved by Decree of Committee of People’s Commissars of USSR from 3.01.1945. №34-14 с. (it was published in book by Milova O.L. Deportation of peoples of USSR (1930-1950s). P. I. Documental resources of Central State Archive of October Revolution, high bodies of government and bodies of state management (CSAOR) USSR. – Materials to ser.: Peoples and cultures. Issue XII. Preface by О.L.Milova. - М.: 1992. – p. 353.

⁸Milova О.L. Decree of work, p.76-77.

⁹А.Shem. The threads of human destinies. Moscow, 2000, p.106.

¹⁰SARF, f.9479, op.1, c.156, l.150.

¹¹Here and further are underlined as in text of documents.

¹²The document has marks, which were apparently made employee of Secretariat of NKVD USSR: in l.21 “RESOLUTON com. BERIA: “To com. MITEREV or com. KOLESNIKOV: 1). I ask IMEDIATELLY to inform on taking measures by You. 2). Com. CHERNISHEV to take on control. L.Beria. 11 August 1944. In People’s Committee on Public Health of USSR to G.А. Miterev in the end of August of 1944.”

¹³HF – high frequency communication.

¹⁴Items “Kologrivovskyi” and “Manturovskyi>” were parenthesized, and near there is an inscription “were joined to Gorkovskyi oblast”.

¹⁵People’s committee of Timber Industry.

¹⁶People’s committee of Paper Industry.

¹⁷An addition “15%” was made by pencil. To item with* in lower part of page of document there is a footnote by dark blue inks, and inscription was apparently made by employee of secretariat of NKVD USSR): “on high death-rate was indicated by NKVD of UzSSR in conclusion №52/6540 dated 19.09.45”.

¹⁸There is an inscription near with this paragraph, which was made apparently by employee of secretariat of NKVD USSR: “It was written on it to People’s Committee on non-ferrous metals of USSR to com. Lomako №1/8358 from 23/IV-45. – a situation was not yet improved”.

¹⁹To paragraph there is a footnote in lower part of page of document: “х)1.One gave a direction №52/6540 from 19/IХ-45 on removal of 143 families of special settlers from Crimea from these 2 factories. 2. №5/182 from 10/I-46 NKVD of UzSSR (in.№368 from 11/I-46) on our question 38/116 was received an answer that it will be informed in next reports – Apparently, 143 families were not yet removed.

²⁰To paragraph there is a footnote: “хх) By direction №1/21203 from 18/х-45. was proposed from sovkhoz “Narpay” to remove 829 families-2639 persons special settlers from Crimea to Tajikistan SSR. By direction №1/24573 they were not yet removed”.

²¹In lower part of page to paragraph* there is a footnote: “*) In conclusion from 19/IХ-45 №52/6540 was given a direction to remove from 2 factories 143 families of special settlers from Crimea and transfer to other economic bodies – there was no a direction on sovkhoz”. Near with two last paragraphs – two bold lines by simple pencil, above last paragraph there is an inscription “It is necessary to remove” and illegible signature, which was apparently made by V.Chernishov (deputy People’s Committee of Internal Affairs of USSR).

²²It is not published. On table by simple pencil was a resolution, apparently, by Chernishov: “On vegetables necessary to note”. Below was an inscription, was apparently made, by employee of Secretariat of NKVD USSR: “On vegetables and potatoes was written a letter to People’s Land Committee of USSR com. Dvinskyi for №1/9657 from 14 May 1945, on which was received an answer №1705c from 31 May 1945 (in. 5117 from 1/YI-45.) on that allotment of vegetables and potatoes is provided in plan of using of harvest of 1945, it was informed by NKVD of UzSSR 4/YI-45 №52/3762”.

²³On document there are resolutions: “Savateyev: 1) To prepare an information for c.Kruglov and c.Chernishov, 2). I give you directions. [Signature is illegible, apparently, by М.Kuznetsov]. 17.11.45”; “c. Dimshitsu 1.To prepare information on name of Kruglov and Chernishov. 2. It is necessary to inquire by V[S?] and moods of special settlers in connection with elections. Notes are given two times in month. [Signature is illegible, apparently, Savateyev].

²⁴Correctly, “Uzbekbirlyashuv” – greatest social organization of Uzbekistan, which combines some thousands enterprises operating on a self-supporting basis. It exists and now.